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Soil gel as a suitable matrix for the study of humic substances in the soil ecosystem
Černý, Pavol ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with a complex issue of soil gels. The main goal of this work is to optimize the process of isolation of soil gels out of the soil matrix. Isolation is carried out using only water and therefore represents a promising method for study of humic substances (HS) in natural form. Modal brown earth from the area of Veverské Kninice was used as a soil matrix for isolation. The isolated soil gel was phisicochemically characterized by thermal and spectroscopic methods. By using EA and TGA, the content of biogenic elements in the organic component of soil gel and the content of the inorganic component was determined. The inorganic component represents a majority share in structure of soil gel with values up to 90 % w/w. Mineralogical composition of the inorganic component was described using XRD, with quartz being the most represented. Chosen macro and microelements were determined by ICPOES and the results show a noticeable increase in the content of some elements, that form complexes with HS. Organic component was studied using spectroscopic methods FTIR and XPS, which clearly showed that the primary components of the organic matrix are HSs. For this reason, absorption coefficients EET/EBZ, E2/E3 a E2/E4 were determined using UV/Vis spectrometry. Morphology of isolated soil gels was studied by using SEM and the photographs show mineral particles covered with clusters of humic matrix.
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Vliv mineralogického složení na vybrané půdní vlastnosti
Plačková, Iva
Diploma thesis was focused on comparison of physical and chemical soil properties and their mineralogical composition. Object of study were -- Haplic Cambisol (Malonty), Haplic Cambisol (Vatín), Haplic Chernozem (Bratčice), Calcaric Chernozem (Velešovice) and Haplic Luvisol (Lesonice). Results showed that the highest minerals content was in Chernozems. Statistically significant differences were found in clay content, nu-trient content, soil reaction and cation exchange capacity in selected soil types.
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Soil gel as a suitable matrix for the study of humic substances in the soil ecosystem
Černý, Pavol ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with a complex issue of soil gels. The main goal of this work is to optimize the process of isolation of soil gels out of the soil matrix. Isolation is carried out using only water and therefore represents a promising method for study of humic substances (HS) in natural form. Modal brown earth from the area of Veverské Kninice was used as a soil matrix for isolation. The isolated soil gel was phisicochemically characterized by thermal and spectroscopic methods. By using EA and TGA, the content of biogenic elements in the organic component of soil gel and the content of the inorganic component was determined. The inorganic component represents a majority share in structure of soil gel with values up to 90 % w/w. Mineralogical composition of the inorganic component was described using XRD, with quartz being the most represented. Chosen macro and microelements were determined by ICPOES and the results show a noticeable increase in the content of some elements, that form complexes with HS. Organic component was studied using spectroscopic methods FTIR and XPS, which clearly showed that the primary components of the organic matrix are HSs. For this reason, absorption coefficients EET/EBZ, E2/E3 a E2/E4 were determined using UV/Vis spectrometry. Morphology of isolated soil gels was studied by using SEM and the photographs show mineral particles covered with clusters of humic matrix.
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Steppe or woodland? Ecological Conditions of Formation and Evolution of Chernozems in Central Europe
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee) ; Havlicek, Elena (referee)
Chernozem became the crucial soil for the beginnings of soil science through the work of Dokuchaev from 1883. Since then the genesis of chernozems in Central Europe has raised many questions among soil scientists, botanists and paleo-environmentalists. While in Eastern Europe chernozems have been described as zonal soils, that are typical for continental steppe and forest-steppe areas, there are areas in Central Europe which are predisposed by their climatic characteristics to the presence of woodlands. The goal of this dissertation is to enrich the discussion about the genesis of chernozems by restoring the environmental conditions that were prevalent during the formation of chernozem soils in Central Europe. Chernozems are usually developed on loess with a very thick and dark organic surface which passes directly to a calcareous horizon. The organic matter underwent a polymerization in dependence on climate contrasts. However, in Central Europe, the climatic characteristics of the areas of chernozems are a bit different. These chernozems are supposed to have been formed under the climatic conditions that dominated Central Europe during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene. The climatic nuances may contribute to the explanation of the differences in distribution of chernozems ("drier") and...
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Chemické a fyzikální vlastnosti půd v intenzivně obhospodařovaných vinohradech
Čermák, Patrik
The aim of bachelor thesis is to provide pedological soil survey in selected vineyards in South Moravia region. Characterization of physical and chemical soil properties and nutrients content is given. Introduction is focused on vineyard terroir, criteria of vineyard foundation and soil types in vineyards. Results showed that mainly Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, and Rendzina are typical vineyard soils in the Czech Republic. Soil quality and nutrients content in studied vineyards were decreasing in the following order: Chernozem > Haplic Luvisol > Rendzina.
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Biologické a chemické ukazatele kvality půdy
Janderková, Michaela
Bachelor thesis is aimed at evaluation of selected biological and chemical indicators of soil quality. Standard analytical methods for determination of basic soil properties were used. Studied soil types Calcaric, Loamic Chernozem (locality Hrušky), Haplic Luvisol (locality Uhřice) and Gleiyc Cambisol (locality Desky) shown statistically significant differences in chemical properties and clayic particles content. Practically no differences were found in total organic carbon content and amount of microbial biomass. It was concluded that intensively exploited agricultural soils are low in humus and microbial biomass. They also gradually undergo acidification process and have low intensity of respiration. Increasing of organic input and liming is recommended.
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Steppe or woodland? Ecological Conditions of Formation and Evolution of Chernozems in Central Europe
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee) ; Havlicek, Elena (referee)
Chernozem became the crucial soil for the beginnings of soil science through the work of Dokuchaev from 1883. Since then the genesis of chernozems in Central Europe has raised many questions among soil scientists, botanists and paleo-environmentalists. While in Eastern Europe chernozems have been described as zonal soils, that are typical for continental steppe and forest-steppe areas, there are areas in Central Europe which are predisposed by their climatic characteristics to the presence of woodlands. The goal of this dissertation is to enrich the discussion about the genesis of chernozems by restoring the environmental conditions that were prevalent during the formation of chernozem soils in Central Europe. Chernozems are usually developed on loess with a very thick and dark organic surface which passes directly to a calcareous horizon. The organic matter underwent a polymerization in dependence on climate contrasts. However, in Central Europe, the climatic characteristics of the areas of chernozems are a bit different. These chernozems are supposed to have been formed under the climatic conditions that dominated Central Europe during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene. The climatic nuances may contribute to the explanation of the differences in distribution of chernozems ("drier") and...
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Vliv mineralogického složení na vybrané půdní vlastnosti
Plačková, Iva
Diploma thesis was focused on comparison of physical and chemical soil properties and their mineralogical composition. Object of study were -- Haplic Cambisol (Malonty), Haplic Cambisol (Vatín), Haplic Chernozem (Bratčice), Calcaric Chernozem (Velešovice) and Haplic Luvisol (Lesonice). Results showed that the highest minerals content was in Chernozems. Statistically significant differences were found in clay content, nu-trient content, soil reaction and cation exchange capacity in selected soil types.
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